The outlook for macro markets in the region remains closely tied with the fortunes of the AI cycle. While uncertainty remains, rates, currencies and equities will likely trade together. Currencies might end up looking different, depending on how the dollar reacts to any shift in semi demand.
Monthly (-ish) regional update of cycles and market themes.
The sustainability of the AI cycle is critical for the region. If it ends, rates will likely be lower, but currencies not necessarily weaker. Otherwise, my themes are: China – tougher 2027; Japan – flatter curve; Korea – macro spillover; Taiwan – market spillover.
With regional macro dependent on continuation of the US AI build-out, the equity sell-off last week matters. That said, there are still complications: TSMC still sounds very bullish, and while for bad economies, it isn't clear that an end of the AI cycle would be so negative for currencies.
I don't think the China-EU sectoral deal means a China-EU CNY deal is coming. The cycle continues to improve in Japan. Export momentum in Korea and Taiwan remain strong, with more signs of spillover into inflation in Taiwan. Links to all last week's research, as well as my latest podcast appearance.
China's incremental policy is unlikely to move the cycle. Japan's nominal growth is strong enough to make the October BOJ meeting interesting. In Korea, the mainstream MPC view of one hike in the next 6M looks light. The revival in property sentiment in Taiwan is important given negative real rates.
The main cycle news in China is the rebound in input prices that likely further postpones monetary loosening. In Japan, the market will be waiting for this week's summary opinions of the September meeting. Korea has the strongest cycle momentum. In Taiwan, monetary policy looks too loose.
In many advanced economies, governments are drowning in debt. But in Korea and Taiwan they are floating up on the flood in revenue generated by the semiconductor boom. There is so much money that both economies plan looser fiscal policy while also paying back debt.
The cycle isn't bad enough from Beijing's point of view to shift policy. With growth strengthening, it is reasonable to expect 25bp hikes/quarter in Japan. The BOK's dot plot looks light against nominal growth of near 30%. The CBC on hold is light when real rates across the curve are negative.
I am away the next few days, so this week's summary focuses on what appeared on the site in the last week. I am back on Monday 14th September.
50 slides covering regional themes, and dynamics in the individual economies.
The PMIs show Japan's manufacturing cycle is the strongest in the region. That might be because the measures in Taiwan and Korea struggle to capture the macro impact of chip strength. Even so, it is still an important take-away, especially when the PMIs show Japan also leads in price strength.
The market themes I think are about rates v currencies. Ranking by moves in rates, the order is Korea, Japan, Taiwan then China. In currencies, by contrast, it is Korea, China, Taiwan, then Japan. That raises some interesting discrepancies.
China macro isn't weak enough to trigger a change in policy direction. The JPY is weak enough to speed up BOJ tightening and puts pressure on Takaichi to change fiscal rhetoric. KRW is starting to look more interesting than rates, while in Taiwan, domestic demand puts the focus on rates.
China macro is again a contrast between export strength and renewed deflationary pressure. Takaichi's sales tax cut doesn't look like the policy approach Bessent wants. For Korea, data an BOK analysis points to upside risks. In Taiwan, the key issue is lagged spillover from the 24-25 export boom.
Current themes: export and tech strength preventing broad policy easing in China; policy messiness in Japan isn't yet over, though it is important that pricing of the BOJ has started to move; growth in Korea and Taiwan is strong, and also spreading from export sectors to domestic demand.
I am trying out a new version of my interactive chart packs that makes navigation between economies and issues easier. It has almost 1,000 charts, and isn't yet behind a paywall. Please forward to anyone who might find it useful.
The two big events this week are China's CXMT listing and the Bank of Japan meeting. The first matters because the outlook for chip demand is such a dominant regional theme. The BOJ meeting is important because of rates in Japan, but also implications for the JPY and regional currencies.
China's combination of recovering output, weak expenditure, and mixed monetary isn't great, but also doesn't suggest a big change in macro policy. I think it unlikely that Japan's bid for repatriation works without more BOJ normalisation. Korea and Taiwan cycles remain strong, implying rate hikes.
Cycles show signs of broadening, towards capex and services in Taiwan and Korea, and exports and consumption in Japan. This provides an opportunity for CBs, especially the BOJ, to become more hawkish. The question for markets is whether this can finally stop currencies from weakening.
My latest video, discussing why inflation risks won't end even if the Iran War eventually does. The reasons: both cost-push and demand-pull from the semiconductor boom, dynamics that are being reinforced by the cheapness of currencies.
China's cycle looks more mixed rather than bad. In Japan, there are clear signs of an acceleration in both activity and inflation. For Korea and Taiwan, the theme is a broadening of activity as the semiconductor export boom feeds into domestic economies.
A slide pack laying out themes for the region overall, and for each individual economy.
Two of the big questions for markets in the region are 1) the implications for monetary policy as oil prices fall, and 2) what is happening with China's cycle, and what does that – and the strengthening of the USD – mean for the USD.
Earlier this week, I published a longer note delving into the macro and market implications of the semiconductor boom. You might prefer pictures to text, so this is the accompanying chart pack.
