Paul Cavey
Taiwan – unemployment rate still low
It looks like labour market tightness has peaked, but the change isn't big enough yet to impact monetary policy. After ticking up in September, the unemployment rate was stable at 3.4% in October. That keeps it at a level not seen since the early 2000s.
Japan – activity softer, prices up
Today's flash PMI was weak, but respondents highlighted JPY-driven price pressures. October CPI data were also firm. Ueda highlighted this week that December is live, but dependent on data before then. The BOJ's assessment of services inflation, and the Q4 Tankan, are particularly important.
Korea – no bounce in November exports
YoY growth in Korean exports in the first 20 days of November didn't do much to reverse the October slump, a decline that feels more significant given the similar drop in the PMI in the last couple of months. Semi exports are still rising, but not much else is.
Taiwan – export leads deteriorate
October's export orders continued to creep up, but nothing more than that, and the DI has turned down, warning of downside risk from here. Admittedly, export orders have been tending to lag actual exports, but with the PMI weakening too, we've probably seen the best of the export cycle.
Korea – more doveish, more quickly
The BOK has been slow to cut, and when it finally did in October, its tone was hawkish. Since then, however, growth of both exports and household debt softening. This opens up room for the BOK to become more doveish, with the risks being KRW weakness, and sticky services price inflation.
Taiwan – reorientation to US
Today's October FDI data once again illustrate the big reorientation of Taiwan's investment and trade flows away from China and towards the US. For FDI that's been encouraged by Biden subsidies, but Trump doesn't like those, nor the big trade surplus that Taiwan now runs with the US.
Japan – consumption at all-time high
GDP grew again in Q3. Much of the rise since Q2 is because of a recovery in consumption, but that continues to be much more visible in per capita terms: aggregate consumption is still below the pre-2020 highs, dragged down by a fall in the population, a decline that the BOJ obviously can't address.
China – services output up, but not much else
With a bounce in reported retail sales, it looks like economic growth in October got back to the government's 5% growth target. Overall, though, the tone of the data was rather mixed, with real estate activity in particular still extremely weak.
Korea – softer private sector employment
The headlines don't show much change in the labour market in October, with the unemployment rate still comfortably below 3%. But while employment overall was stable, that was because of government jobs. Employment in the private sector fell again and is now the lowest since July 2023.
Region – consequences of reorienting to the US
In recent years, trade and FDI flows from Taiwan and Korea have clearly shifted from China to the US. That's what Trump One and Biden wanted, but Trump Two won't like the rising trade deficits, or the CHIPS and IRA subsidies. If he threatens tariffs, will Taiwan offer a stronger TWD in response?
Taiwan – pick-up in wage growth is holding
The post-2020 rise in wage growth is holding in manufacturing. In services, it is less obvious, but for the economy overall, the trend in wage growth is still comfortably above 2% YoY, whereas in the 15 years from 2003 it was closer to 1%. This rise, in turn, should raise the floor for inflation.
Japan – BOJ still constructive, despite modestly softer data
The opinions from the October BOJ meeting show a bit less concern about US uncertainty. That seems premature, given the election, but comments on the domestic economy also don't suggest any change in the bank's fundamental view. Survey data have been a bit softer, but not yet uniformly.
China – no change in monetary trends
Including CGBs, the credit impulse is weak, but not terrible, and there's been a tick-up in bank lending and mortgages since August. However, there's nothing to suggest any real momentum in the credit cycle. At the same time, the deflationary move into time deposits continues.
Korea – more signs of export weakness
Export growth in the first ten days of November fell to zero. And while the small number of days make this data set volatile, it comes after weakness in broader data for October, both full-month trade, and the PMI. The weakness in exports is a big deal for the BOK when domestic demand is also soft.
China – what have we learnt?
The bond swap does represent substantive policy. But there still isn't support for consumption, so this does look like an effort to put a floor under growth, rather than produce a new upcycle. And while that will probably be successful, stability will be endangered by a new round of Trump tariffs.
China – still in deflation
There might be some signs of better sentiment feeding into prices, but they aren't strong. Core sequential CPI inflation did get back to zero in October, but the 3mma remains negative. Despite the jump in PMI input prices last month, PPI also continues to fall.
China – the consumption challenge
A chart pack arguing that consumption hasn't been as weak as is often imagined, but that downside risks are growing as wage and property income falls. Policy solutions need to overcome the weakness of non-wage incomes, the strength of savings, and the pro-investment official mindset.
Taiwan – services driving growth
I thought the drop in the mfg PMIs in October might have been noise. But the November data show it is more than that, remaining weak in both Taiwan and Korea. Korea's exports today fell too. That makes the domestic cycle more important, and in Taiwan, that looks more resilient than Korea.
Japan – BOJ gets back to labour and wages
The boxes in the BOJ's full outlook report that look at the labour market and wages don't suggest any weakening of the bank's underlying confidence – increasingly evident before July – that Japan's inflation is sustainable. The implication is that rate hikes remain on the agenda.