An update on Japan's fiscal position after the release of the budget for 2026, and detailed data on government interest payments and revenue through Q125. Also, a look at financial stability issues in Korea, and fx reserves and the currency in Taiwan.
Headlines that the FY2026 budget is the biggest ever suit the idea of Takaichi as an Abe-style loosener. However, government expenditure is stable relative to GDP, revenue is rising more, a primary surplus is planned, and though Q125, the government received more in interest than it paid out.
Looking through the data releases over the two weeks I've been away, and two themes stand out: rebounding activity, and firmer inflation. Both trends are most obvious in Korea. The picture is more mixed in China, but even there it looks like less deflation through to Chinese New Year.
In today's daily: China monetary developments, Japan CPI, Korea PPI, highlights of the BOJ meeting, and a link to my latest podcast. From today, I am taking a couple of weeks off. Thanks for your interest this year, I hope you've found the content useful. Happy Christmas, and best wishes for 2026.
The mild rise in PPI goods inflation reflects the continued strength of import prices. Services PPI inflation is picking up too, reversing the sharp fall of 1H25. Neither development yet suggests CPI inflation is about to accelerate, but the bounce in services PPI removes downside risk for CPI.
I was very happy to do this podcast with friends at Alpine Macro.
Detailed trade data show hybrids becoming the big driver of China's auto export surge. The political tensions with China have yet to derail Japan's tourism industry. In no surprise to anyone, Taiwan's central bank kept policy on hold in its Q4 monetary policy meeting.
Lots to update on Japan today, with the flash PMI, machine orders, foreign trade and the flow of funds. And on Korea, there are the minutes from yesterday of the November MPB meeting, and today's release of the Q3 financial statement analysis data.
Data releases the last couple of days give more evidence that tariffs haven't derailed exports or capex. Even so, the flow of funds for Q3 show corporates remain net savers. With the fiscal deficit now also now narrowing to the lowest level since the 1990s, the result is a growing CA surplus.
The BOK minutes shed more light on the improvement in cycle optimism that was clear at the November meeting. In terms of exports, that appears justified, because of strong semi exports and firmer profits. I am less sure about consumption, even though corporate earnings will lift bonuses.
Today has been very quiet for releases, so just a few charts on Japan after the release of the full Tankan survey for Q4.
The BOJ has been concerned that tariffs would reduce profits, cutting into wages and capex. The Tankan shows no evidence of that: profit and investment expectations remain firm, as do inflation expectations, with the backdrop being a labour market that is tight for all industries.
In addition to all today's data from China, some comments on Friday's monetary release and yesterday's high-frequency price data. In Japan, in addition to the Tankan, the BOJ today released the results of a special wage survey. Taiwan FDI data show investment in the US this year falling to USD4bn.
Like last month, November data show a contrast between real weakness in some areas of the economy (such as property, goods consumption) and more stability in others (pricing, output). Overall, however, the balance is once again shifting towards more weakness.
In Q4 business sentiment improved, the labour market tightened, price pressures picked up, and capex intentions stayed elevated. The BOJ is set to hike on Friday. Today's survey, like other recent data, raise the risk that the bank can also send a clearer message about the outlook for rates in 2026.
China: the nominal stabilisation is fragile. Japan: with the cycle looking good, the risk of a BOJ upside surprise is the highest since July 2024. Korea: the upside scenario from the semi cycle still isn't the base case. Taiwan: macro becomes more interesting if the chip cycle sustains into 2026.
Some of the language in China's CEWC communiqué was encouraging. In Korea, while auto prices remain weak, overall export prices are rising and pushing up the terms of trade. Japan's monetary base is shrinking more quickly than any time since 2007. And my latest video, discussing Japan and the JPY.
My latest video, discussing the BOJ and the outlook for the JPY.
A look at some positive monetary developments in China, as well as charts from the MOF's quarterly business sentiment survey in Japan, and trade data for the first ten days of December for Korea.
Real economy developments still look negative for inflation. That the deflator nonetheless looks to be turning can be partly attributed to local food prices and global commodity prices. However, I think monetary factors are also playing a role, with three dynamics in particular worth highlighting.
Goods PPI shows upstream inflation pressure in Japan remaining firm, while today's CPI and PPI releases in China point to a further lessening of deflation. Korea's labour market is complicated by supply-side changes. In Taiwan the message is simpler, with wage growth continuing to trend up.
The post-August rise in PPI continued in November, with one driver being the JPY-driven rebound in import prices. All told, upstream price pressures remain firm, and suggest that CPI isn't likely to ease much over the next 6M.
Today's inflation data weren't surprising, with the big shift being food prices lifting CPI. Non-food prices aren't rising, but in level terms aren't falling either, which is an improvement from 1H25. Nominal growth should look better through Q126.
A longer report addressing three misconceptions with Japan's fiscal position. Also, yet another month of very strong export data for Taiwan. The driver is the sale of semiconductors to the US. In November, the bilateral trade surplus with the US reached 25% of Taiwan's GDP.
There is little growth in exports outside of tech in general, and semiconductors specifically. But the surge in chip exports is big enough to offset all the weakness in other products. The overall trade surplus eased back in November, but the bilateral surplus with the US reached 25% of Taiwan GDP.
