East Asia Econ

BOK governor Shin Hyun Song gave a speech on Friday to mark the 76th anniversary of the bank's founding. It was short, but worth highlighting, because he sounded more confident about the outlook, and downplayed the significance of uneven growth as a factor for monetary policy.

Three themes: whether the weakness in the activity data releases of a month ago in China was noise; Japan, where one hike is unlikely to be enough to really change market conditions; and the semi super cycle, which should be having more impact on fx and rates (in Taiwan) than has yet been evident.

Korea is experiencing a large positive terms of trade. As that isn't being accompanied by any KRW appreciation, the result is enormous growth in KRW nominal indicators. Not all sectors are benefiting. But for monetary policy, the strength of nominal growth is impossible to ignore.

The corporate surplus is surging, and at first glance, that supports the idea that the semi-led cycle won't trickle down. However, while the labour share is falling, the rise in national incomes has been so strong that growth in labour compensation is accelerating. That should support spending.

The renewed rise in import prices is certainly inflationary, especially when the level of prices remains elevated after the hikes of 2021-22. However, this time export prices are rising too, and while that isn't enough to prevent the ToT from falling, it does limit the damage to the domestic economy

The rise in PPI that continued in May is of macro significance: it is pushing up industrial sector earnings, and the GDP deflator will likely turn positive in Q2. But it is difficult to find signs of domestically generated inflation that would suggest a real upturn in the economy.

Chips rather than energy have been the bigger driver of trade patterns this year. That's true for exports and imports, though there are other drivers of both reaching record highs in May: autos for exports, ores and likely gold for imports. Despite the rise in imports, the trade surplus remains big.

The narrowing budget deficit and widening BOP surplus likely won't move market opinion on either rates or fx. What is needed remains a more hawkish BOJ. Accelerating credit and wage growth push in that direction, though the wage data aren't great quality, and sentiment surveys are still weak.

Events in Japan in the next couple of weeks will likely be critical for the region. If a combination of a strong US jobs report and equivocal BOJ meeting push $JPY through 160, KRW and TWD will likely be dragged higher too. The implication would be higher inflation, and more pressure for rate hikes.

Services inflation averaged 0.7% in the 20 years before 2020. In the last five years it has been 2.3%, and is now rising again. Some of that reflects energy prices, with air fares rising 10% YoY in May. But there is also the backdrop of a strong economy, rising stockmarket and rising wage growth.

KRW weakness was blamed on USD strength, then CNY weakness, then JPY weakness. Flows have gone from NPS, to domestic retail, to foreigner institutional. These rationalisations feel a bit like moving the goalposts. But weak KRW does have implications, one likely being a more hawkish BOK.

China's auto export surge has been less painful for Asia than for the EU. Japan's domestic market is more protected, and Korean exporters have little dependence on the China market. In third markets, exports have also held up, with tentative signs that China's exports are creating new demand.